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16.     A die is thrown repeatedly untill a six comes up. What is the sample space for this experiment?
 

Given, a die is thrown repeatedly untill a six comes up.

Possible outcomes when a die is thrown = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

In the experiment 6 may come up on the first throw, or the 2nd throw, or the 3rd throw and so on till 6 is obtained.

The required sample space is:

S = {6, (1,6), (2,6), (3,6), (4,6), (5,6), (1,1,6), (1,2,6), ..., (1,5,6), (2,1,6). (2,2,6), ..., (2,5,6), ..., (5,1,6), (5,2,6), ... }

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15  A coin is tossed. If it shows a tail, we draw a ball from a box which contains 2  red and 3 black balls. If it shows head, we throw a die. Find the sample space for this experiment. 

Possible outcomes when a coin is tossed = {H,T}

Possible outcomes when a die is thrown = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

Let R1 and R2 denote the event that a red ball is drawn

and B1, B2, B3 denote the event that a blue ball is drawn 

If H occurs, a die is thrown.

S1 = {H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6}

If T occurs, a ball from a box which contains 2  red and 3 black balls is drawn.

S2 = {TR1 , TR2 , TB1 , TB2 , TB3}

The required sample space is:

S = {TR1 , TR2 , TB1 , TB2 , TB3 , H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6}

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14.  An experiment consists of rolling a die and then tossing a coin once if the number on the die is even. If the number on the die is odd, the coin is tossed twice. Write the sample space for this experiment. 

Possible outcomes when a die is thrown = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

Possible outcomes when a coin is tossed = {H,T}

If the number on the die is even {2,4,6}, the coin is tossed once. 

S1 = {2H, 2T, 4H, 4T, 6H, 6T}

If the number on the die is odd {1,3,5}, the coin is tossed twice.

S2 = {1HH, 1HT, 1TH, 1TT, 3HH, 3HT, 3TH, 3TT, 5HH, 5HT, 5TH, 5TT} 

The required sample space is:

S = {1HH, 1HT, 1TH, 1TT, 2H, 2T, 3HH, 3HT, 3TH, 3TT, 4H, 4T, 5HH, 5HT, 5TH, 5TT, 6H, 6T}

 

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13.     The numbers  1,2,3  and  4  are written separatly on four slips of paper. The slips are put  in a box and mixed thoroughly. A person draws two slips from the box, one after the other, without replacement. Describe the sample space for the experiment. 

Given, two slips are drawn from the box, one after the other, without replacement.

Let 1, 2, 3, 4 denote the event that 1, 2, 3, 4 numbered slip is drawn respectively.

When two slips are drawn without replacement, the first event has 4 possible outcomes and the second event has 3 possible outcomes

S = {(1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,1), (2,3), (2,4), (3,1), (3,2), (3,4), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3)}

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12.     A coin is tossed. If the out come is a head, a die is thrown. If the die shows up an even number, the die is thrown again. What is the sample space for the experiment? 

Possible outcomes when a coin is tossed = {H,T}

Possible outcomes when a die is thrown = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

When T occurs, experiment is finished. S1 = {T}

When H occurs, a die is thrown.

If the outcome is odd ({1,3,5}), S2 = {H1, H3, H5}

If the outcome is even({2,4,6}), the die is thrown again.,

      S3 = {H21, H22, H23, H24, H25, H26, H41, H42, H43, H44, H45, H46, H61, H62, H63, H64, H65, H66}

The required sample space is:

S = {T, H1, H3, H5, H21, H22, H23, H24, H25, H26, H41, H42, H43, H44, H45, H46, H61, H62, H63, H64, H65, H66}

 

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11.  Suppose 3 bulbs are selected at random from a lot. Each bulb is tested and classified as defective (D) or non – defective(N). Write the sample space of this experiment.

Let D denote the event the bulb is defective and N denote the event the bulb is non-defective
The required sample space is:

S = {DDD, DDN, DND, NDD, DNN, NDN, NND, NNN}

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10.     An experiment consists of tossing a coin and then throwing it second time if a head occurs. If a tail occurs on the first toss, then a die is rolled once. Find the sample space. 

Let H denote the event that Head occurs and T denote the event that Tail occurs.

For T in first toss, the possible outcomes when a die is thrown = {1, 2, 3 ,4 ,5 ,6}

The required sample space is :

S = {HH, HT, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}

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9.    A box contains 1 red and 3 identical white balls. Two balls are drawn at random in succession without replacement. Write the sample space for this experiment. 

Given, Number of red balls =1

Number of white balls = 3

Let  R denote the event that the red ball is drawn.

And W denotes the event that a white ball is drawn.

Since two balls are drawn at random in succession without replacement,

if the first ball is red, the second ball will be white. And if the first ball is white, second can be either of red and white

The required sample space is:

S = {RW, WR, WW}

 

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8. An experiment consists of recording boy–girl composition of families with 2 children.

(ii) What is the sample space if we are interested in the number of girls in the family? 

(ii) In a family with two children, there can be only three possible cases:

no girl child, 1 girl child or 2 girl child

The required sample is:

S = {0, 1, 2}

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8.     An experiment consists of recording boy–girl composition of families with 2 children.

    (i)  What is the sample space if we are interested in knowing whether it is a boy or girl in the order of their births?
 

Let B denote the event a boy is born,

G denote the event a girl is born

The required sample space with a boy or girl in the order of their births is:

S = {BB, BG, GB, GG}

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