In the Haber process for the industrial manufacture of ammonia involving the reaction, at 200 atm pressure in the presence of a catalyst, a temperature of about is used. This is considered as optimum temperature for the process because
yield is maximum at this temperature
catalyst is active only at this temperature
energy needed for the reaction is easily obtained at this temperature
rate of the catalytic reaction is fast enough while the yield is also appreciable for this exothermic reaction at this temperature.
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being used up. It remains unchanged chemically providing an alternate path for the reaction at an accelerated rate by lowering the activation.
The formation of ammonia is an exothermic process therefore it is favorable at a lower temperature. But at a lower temperature rate of the reaction becomes slow.
This is considered as optimum temperature for the process to increase the rate of attainment of equilibrium.
Option 4 is correct.
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