The anomalous behaviour of second period elements is attributed to:
Small size of atom
Large charge/radius ratio
High electronegativity
All of these
Chemical Properties of Elements -
Anomalous Behaviour of Elements of Second Period
The elements of the second period or the first elements in each group of the representative elements show anomalous behaviour in many aspects from the other elements in their respective groups. This anomalous behaviour of these elements is due to the following reasons:
Small atomic size of the atom.
Higher electronegativity
The d-orbitals in their valence shell is absent.
High charge to radius ratio.
Capability to form multiple bonds by carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
The anomalous behaviour of seconds period elements is because of their small size, large charge to radius ratio, high electronegativity, and inability to extend their valency beyond 4.
Therefore, Option(4) is correct
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