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The electronegativities of F,\, Cl,\, Br and I are 4.0,\, 3.0,\, 2.8 and 2.5 respectively. Hydrogen halide with a high percentage of ionic character is

Option: 1

HF


Option: 2

HCl


Option: 3

HBr


Option: 4

HI


Answers (1)

best_answer

Ionic Character in Covalent Bond -

When the electronegativity difference is very small or zero, the bond is covalent and nonpolar. When it is large, the bond is polar covalent or ionic. The absolute values of the electronegativity differences between the atoms in the bonds H–H, H–Cl, and Na–Cl are 0 (nonpolar), 0.9 (polar covalent), and 2.1 (ionic), respectively. The degree to which electrons are shared between atoms varies from completely equal (pure covalent bonding) to not at all (ionic bonding). The figure below shows the relationship between electronegativity difference and bond type.

Two flow charts and table are shown. The first flow chart is labeled, “Electronegativity difference between bonding atoms.” Below this label are three rounded text bubbles, connected by a downward-facing arrow, labeled, “Zero,” “Intermediate,” and “Large,” respectively. The second flow chart is labeled, “Bond type.” Below this label are three rounded text bubbles, connected by a downward-facing arrow, labeled, “Pure covalent,” “Polar covalent,” and “Ionic,” respectively. A double ended arrow is written vertically to the right of the flow charts and labeled, “Covalent character decreases; ionic character increases.” The table is made up of two columns and four rows. The header line is labeled “Bond type” and “Electronegativity difference.” The left column contains the phrases “Pure covalent,” “Polar covalent,” and “Ionic,” while the right column contains the values “less than 0.4,” “between 0.4 and 1.8,” and “greater than 1.8.”

As the electronegativity difference increases between two atoms, the bond becomes more ionic.

 

The greater the electronegativity difference more is the ionic character. Thus, H-F has maximum ionic character.
Hence, option number (1) is correct.

Posted by

Nehul

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