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Explain RNAi

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To regulate protein synthesis, cells naturally turn off some genes. RNA interference (RNAi) describes this mechanism. Small RNA molecules block messenger RNA (mRNA) from producing a protein. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can enter the cell either from a virus or on its own. When an enzyme known as Dicer slices this dsRNA into little bits, various kinds of miRNA and siRNA are produced. These little RNAs then combine with a set of RISC proteins—RNA-induced silencing complex. RISC helps locate and adhere to a certain mRNA in the cell.

The RISC complex cuts and destroys the mRNA if the siRNA or miRNA exactly matches it, hence halting protein synthesis (gene silencing). A mismatched translation reduces the body's protein level. Medicine and genetic research often investigate diseases by turning off detrimental genes, which helps to generate fresh therapies. Maintaining genes under control and protecting cells from viruses both depend much on RNAi.

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