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Explain the Five Kingdom system of classification

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Five Kingdom System of Classification

The Five Kingdom System was introduced by Robert Whittaker in 1969 to classify all living organisms into five groups based on their cell structure, nutrition, and way of reproduction.

The Five Kingdoms:

  1. Monera (Bacteria)

    • Smallest and simplest organisms with no true nucleus (prokaryotic).

    • Unicellular (single-celled) and can live almost everywhere.

    • Some make their own food (autotrophic), while others depend on other organisms (heterotrophic).

    • Example: E. coli, blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), Streptococcus.

  2. Protista (Single-celled Eukaryotes)

    • These are unicellular organisms with a true nucleus (eukaryotic).

    • Some can make their own food (like algae), while others eat other organisms (like Amoeba).

    • Example: Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Plasmodium.

  3. Fungi (Mushrooms, Molds, Yeasts)

    • These are mostly multicellular organisms with cell walls made of chitin.

    • They cannot make their own food; they absorb nutrients from dead or living matter (heterotrophic).

    • Example: Mushrooms, Yeast, Molds, Bread mold.

  4. Plantae (Plants)

    • All plants belong to this kingdom. They are multicellular and have cell walls made of cellulose.

    • They make their own food using photosynthesis (autotrophic).

    • Example: Mango tree, Rose plant, Ferns, Algae.

  5. Animalia (Animals)

    • Includes all animals, from tiny insects to humans.

    • They are multicellular and do not have cell walls.

    • They cannot make their own food and must eat plants or other animals (heterotrophic).

    • Example: Humans, Dogs, Fish, Birds, Insects.

Why is this system important?

  • It groups living things based on their similarities and differences.

  • It helps scientists understand how different organisms are related.

  • It makes studying nature easier and more organized.

 

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