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  • Explain the process of synthesis of ATP during the proton transport in thylakoid and stroma.

Explain the process of synthesis of ATP during the proton transport in thylakoid and stroma.

 

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The mechanism allowing the chloroplast to generate ATP during photosynthesis is chemiosmosis, which occurs in the thylakoid membrane.

Activated upon light reaching the chlorophyll, the electron transport chain (ETC) found in the thylakoid membrane is triggered. Pumping protons (H? ions) from the stroma into the thylakoid generates a high concentration of them inside the flow of electrons. A proton gradient thus results, suggesting that the stroma contains fewer protons than the thylakoid.

Then, a small turbine-like enzyme called ATP synthase brings the protons back to the stroma. Incorporating a phosphate group onto ADP, ATP synthase changes it into ATP as protons flow through it. Glucose is generated in the Calvin cycle from this ATP.

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