You are given a fairly old piece of dicot stem and a dicot root. Which of the following anatomical structures will you use to distinguish between the two?
Secondary xylem
Secondary phloem
Protoxylem
Cortical cells
We will observe the protoxylem of the dicot stem and dicot root to distinguish between them. In dicot stem the protoxylem is present towards centre (pith) and metaxylem is present towards the periphery of the organ. This type of xylem is known as endarch.
In root protoxylem is present towards the periphery and metaxylem is present towards the centre that is called exarch.
Hence, the correct answer is option 3.