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7. How did Hershey and Chase differentiate between DNA and protein in their experiment while proving that DNA is the genetic material?
Answers (1)
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (1952) worked with a virus that infects bacteria called bacteriophages. They used different radioactive isotopes to label DNA and protein. In their experiment, in one preparation, the protein part was made radioactive and in the other, nucleic acid (DNA) was made radioactive. These two phage preparations were allowed to infect the culture of E.coli. Soon after infection, before the lysis of cells, the E.coli cells were gently agitated in a blender, to loosen the adhering phage particles and the culture was centrifuged. The heavier infected bacterial cells pelleted to the bottom and the lighter viral particles were present in the supernatant. It was found that when bacteriophage containing radioactive DNA was used to infect E.coli, the pellet contained radioactivity. If bacteriophage containing radioactive protein coat was used to infect E.coli, the supernatant contained most of the radioactivity. Their experiment showed that protein does not enter the bacterial cell while DNA gets transformed. Hence, they proved that DNA is the genetic material.
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