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7.12 Nitrogen exists as diatomic molecule and phosphorus as . Why?
Answers (1)
The nitrogen atom has small size and high electronegativity due to this nitrogen form multiple bonds with itself and with other elements which have small size and high electronegativity (e.g., C, O). The elements which are heavier of this group do not form
bonds because their atomic orbitals are so large and diffuse that they cannot have effective overlapping. Thus, nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule with a triple bond (one s and two p) between the two atoms. On the contrary, phosphorus has less the tendency to form pπ-pπ bonds and hence it exists in the form
.
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