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Q.9 Show that each of the relation R in the set $A = \{x \in Z : 0 \leq x \leq 12\}$ , given by

(ii) $R = \{(a, b) : a = b\}$ is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1 in each case.

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$A = \{x \in Z : 0 \leq x \leq 12\}$

$A=\left \{ 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 \right \}$

$R = \{(a, b) : a = b\}$

For $a\in A$ , $(a,a)\in R$ as $a=a$

Henec, it is reflexive.

Let, $(a,b)\in R$ i.e. $a=b$

$a=b$ $\Rightarrow$ $b=a$ i.e. $(b,a)\in R$

Hence, it is symmetric.

Let, $(a,b)\in R$ i.e. $a=b$ and $(b,c)\in R$ i.e. $b=c$

$\therefore$ $a=b=c$

$a=c$ i.e. $(a,c)\in R$

Hence, it is transitive.

Thus, it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive i.e. it is an equivalence relation.

The set of all elements related to 1 is {1}

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seema garhwal

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