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8.29 The chemistry of the actinoid elements is not so smooth as that of the lanthanoids. Justify this statement by giving some examples from the oxidation state of these elements.

 

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Lanthanoid primarily shows three oxidation states +2, +3, and +4 and out of these +3 is most common in lanthanoids. they show limited no. of oxidation states due to the large difference in energies of 4f, 5d and 6s orbitals. But, actinoids shows large no. of oxidation state because they have comparable energy difference in 5f,6d and 7s orbitals. For example U and Pu exhibits +3, +4, +5 and +6 oxidation states.

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