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8.4  To what extent do the electronic configurations decide the stability of oxidation states in the first series of the transition elements? Illustrate your answer with examples.

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Elements of the first half of the transition series exhibit many oxidation states. manganese shows the maximum number of oxidation states (+2 to +7). The stability of +2 oxidation states increases with the increase in atomic number (as more number of electrons are filled in d-orbital). However, the Sc does not exhibit  +2 oxidation states, its EC is 3d^{1}4s^{2}. It loses all three electrons to attain stable  d^{0}-configuration (noble gas configuration). Ti(IV)and V(+5) are stable for the same reason. In the case of manganese, (+2) oxidation state is very stable because of half-filled d-electron(d^{5}-configuration).

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