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State the hypothesis proposed by Oparin and Haldane. Describe how S.L. Miller experimentally supported it.
Answers (1)
Oparin and Haldane suggested that the life originated from non-living organic molecules like proteins and RNA. Stanley L. Muller and Harold C. Urey conducted an experiment to explain the origin of life on earth. They concluded that the early earth’s atmosphere was capable of producing amino acids from inorganic materials.
The two biologists used water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen as they
believed it's presence in the early earth’s atmosphere. The chemicals were sealed inside sterile glass tubes and flasks connected together in a loop and circulated inside the apparatus.
One flask is half-filled with water and the other flask contains a pair of electrodes. The water vapour was heated and the vapour discharged was added to the chemical mixture. The released gases circulated around the apparatus imitating the earth’s atmosphere. The water in the flask represents the water on the earth’s surface and the water vapour is just like the water evaporating from lakes, and seas. The electrodes were used to spark the fire to imitate lightning and storm through water vapour.
The vapours were cooled and the water compressed.
This condensed water trickles back in the first water flask in a continuous cycle. After a week Miller and Urey examined the cooled water and observed that 10-15% of the carbon was in the form of organic compounds. 2% of carbon had formed 13 amino acids.
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