The processes which together do this maintenance job are called life processes.
A huge amount of energy is needed to prevent the damage and break-down of such processes.
This type of energy comes from the outside source called food.
Inside the body, breakdown of food molecules takes place by chemical means. Oxidation-reduction reactions are some common chemical means to break down such molecules.
The process of acquiring oxygen from outside of the body and to see it in the process of break-down of food sources for cellular needs is called respiration.
In the case of unicellular organisms, there are no specific organs for taking food, gaseous exchange, or removal of wastes.
When chemical reactions use the carbon source and the oxygen for energy generation, they create by-products that could either be useful ( such as glucose ) or harmful ( such as nitrogenous waste) for our body. Therefore, these products needed to be removed from the body by the process called excretion
To carry waste away from cells transportation system is also required