A modern Hindu movement advocating a monotheistic religion based on the Upanishads, and social and educational reforms according to Western principles. The first phase of its history is intimately linked up with the career of its founder Rammohun Roy (1772 - 1833). The Brahmo Samaj which was launched into its eventful career on August 20, 1828, gave a concrete expression to Rammohun's concept of universal worship.