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  • What is somatic hybridization? Describe the various steps in producing somatic hybrids from protoplasts. Mention any two uses of somatic hybridization.

What is somatic hybridization? Describe the various steps in producing somatic hybrids from protoplasts. Mention any two uses of somatic hybridization.

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The process of fusion of protoplasts of somatic cells obtained from different varieties or species of plant on a suitable nutrient medium in vitro to develop a somatic hybrid is called somatic hybridization.

Steps involved in the somatic hybridization are :

1. From a single plant, single cells can be isolated.

2. Cell walls are digested by the enzyme-like pectinase and cellulose. 

3. Protoplasts in now naked and surrounded by only the plasma membrane can easily be isolated.

4. The isolated protoplasts are fused to obtain hybrid protoplasts under sterile conditions in a nutrient medium.

5. Hybrid protoplasts are now formed which are cultured in a suitable medium so that new plants can be formed. 

Two uses of somatic hybridization are

(i) Somatic hybrids are produced.

(ii) Healthy plants can be recovered from diseased plants.

 

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Ritika Jonwal

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