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  • what is somatic hybridization ? State the genetic consequences of somatic hybridization with the help of a flowchat and suitable diagram.  

what is somatic hybridization ? State the genetic consequences of somatic hybridization with the help of a flowchat and suitable diagram.

 

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Somatic hybridization: - The technique of hybrid production through the fusion of somatic cells under in-vitro conditions, bypassing sex altogether, is called somatic hybridization.  The first report on protoplast fusion between Nicotinia glauca and N. langsdorfii was published by Carlson et al., in 1972. Unlike sexual reproduction in which organelle genomes are generally contributed by the maternal parent, somatic hybridization combines cytoplasmic organelle from the parents.

Scientists have been successful in isolating single cells from plants. After digesting their cell wall, naked protoplasts with plasma membranes have been isolated. In this procedure, protoplast from two different varieties of the plant is isolated in which each has a desirable character, made to fuse with each other to obtain hybrid protoplast. This hybrid protoplast can be further grown to the new plant. So, these hybrids are known as somatic hybrids and this procedure is known as somatic hybridization.  

The protoplast of the tomato is made to fuse with the protoplast of the potato. Then, this hybrid protoplast was grown to the new plant containing characteristics of both tomato and potato. Unfortunately, this hybrid plant did not have all the combinations of desired characteristics for commercial utilization.                 

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Irshad Anwar

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