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What do ‘standing crop’ and ‘standing state’ refer to ?

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 

Standing crop:

It is defined as the biomass of living material in an ecosystem at a particular time.

Standing state:

It is defined as the number or amount of inorganic nutrients present in an ecosystem.

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Priyanka Kumari

Which of the following is an ecosystem service provided by a natural ecosystem?

a. Cycling of nutrients
b. Prevention of soil erosion
c. Pollutant absorption and reduction of the threat of global warming
d. All of the above

The answer is option (d) All of the above.

Explanation: All of the above are habitats provided by nature and natural ecosystems. Hence, (d) is the correct option.

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Gurleen Kaur

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Edaphic factor refers to:

a. Water
b. Soil
c. Relative humidity
d. Altitude

The answer is the option (b) Soil

The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil are known as edaphic factors. These characteristics are the outcome of human activity as well as geologic and biological processes. Hence, (b) is the correct option.

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Posted by

Gurleen Kaur

The zone at the edge of a lake or ocean which is alternatively exposed to air and immersed in water is called:

a. Pelagic zone
b. Benthic zone
c. Lentic one
d. Littoral zone

The answer is the option (d) Littoral zone

The littoral zone is the name given to the shallow coastal area. Light is present throughout this area. Producers are therefore present in every part of this zone, from the top to the bottom. There is rooted vegetation along the shore. From the top to the bottom of this zone, consumers are also accessible. Hence, (d) is the correct option.

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Gurleen Kaur

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Which of the following type of ecosystem is expected in an area where evaporation exceeds precipitation, and mean annual rainfall is below 100mm

(a) Grassland
(b) Shrubby forest
(c) Desert
(d) Mangrove

The answer is the option (c) Desert

There is extremely little precipitation in a desert ecosystem. Evaporation rates are quite high because of the high temperatures, sunshine, and lack of vegetation cover. Every year, a grassland receives around 500 mm of rain. Mangrove forests receive between 1500 and 3000 mm of rainfall on average, whereas shrublands and woods receive roughly 1000 mm. The highest annual rainfall, sometimes reaching 6000 mm, occurs in rainforests. Hence, (c) is the correct option.

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Posted by

Gurleen Kaur

If the carbon atoms fixed by producers already have passed through three species, the trophic level of the last species would be.

a. scavenger
b. tertiary producer
c. tertiary consumer
d. secondary consumer

The answer is the option (c) tertiary consumer

Explanation: The three species in sequence are primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer. Hence, (c) is the correct option.

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Gurleen Kaur

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The reservoir for the gaseous type of bio-geochemical cycle exists in

a. stratosphere
b. atmosphere
c. ionosphere
d. lithosphere

The answer is the option (b) atmosphere

The atmosphere serves as a reservoir for gaseous biogeochemical cycles, such as the carbon and nitrogen cycles. The layer of the earth's atmosphere that can reflect radio waves and has a high concentration of ions and free electrons is called the ionosphere. The crust and upper mantle form the stiff outer layer of the globe, known as the lithosphere. The ozone gas zone is known as the stratosphere. Hence, (b) is the correct option.

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Posted by

Gurleen Kaur

The sequence of communities of primary succession in water is:

a. phytoplankton, sedges, free-floating hydrophytes, rooted hydrophytes, grasses and trees.

b. phytoplankton, free-floating hydrophytes, rooted hydrophytes, sedges, grasses and trees.

c. free-floating hydrophytes, sedges, phytoplankton, rooted hydrophytes, grasses and trees.

d. phytoplankton, rooted submerged hydrophytes, floating hydrophytes, reed swamp, sedges, meadow and trees.

The answer is option (d) phytoplankton, rooted submerged hydrophytes, floating hydrophytes, reed swamps, sedges, meadows, and trees.

The following is the order of the communities in the water's primary succession:
1) Phytoplankton stage: In the early stages, the main colonisers are algae and phytoplankton. After they die, they sink to the bottom of the water and break down to produce silt and humus.
2) Submerged stage: As the water depth decreases, the submerged rooted plants establish themselves. As a result, both organic and inorganic matter build up.
3) Floating stage: The leaves float on the surface of the rooted plants. The environment is unsuitable for the submerged species because of these floating leaves, which eventually die, decompose, and generate muck.

4) Reed swamp stage: The water is also ideal for emergent vegetation, such as reed grasses, which create marshes or swamps. These plants create debris and bind the mud, turning it into marshy ground.
5) Sedge-meadow stage: As vegetation covers the water's surface, species including Juncus and Gramineae take root. The soil is further bound by this. The herbs can flourish in this environment.
6) Woodland stage: The soil dries out and is ready for the growth of wet woodland. In this setting, trees and plants grow.
7) Climate forest: Depending on the grassland, it may be either forest or grassland.
Hence, (d) is the correct option.

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Gurleen Kaur

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Among the following biogeochemical cycles which one does not have losses due to respiration?

a. Phosphorus
b. Nitrogen
c. Sulphur
d. All of the above

The answer is option (d) All of the above.

Explanation: Losses due to respiration can be observed in the case of the carbon cycle. Hence, (d) is the correct option.

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Posted by

Gurleen Kaur

A climax community is in a state of:

a. non-equilibrium
b. equilibrium
c. disorder
d. constant change.

The answer is the option (b) equilibrium

Species that have adapted to the habitat's dominant environmental conditions make up the climax community. Following a period of natural succession, this community was created. As a result, it is in equilibrium. For instance, the dominant species in the climax community are large trees. Hence, (b) is the correct option.

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Posted by

Gurleen Kaur

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