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From evolutionary point of view, retention of thje female gametophyte with developing young embryo on the parent sporophyte for some time, is first observed in :

  • Option 1)

    Liverworts

  • Option 2)

    Mosses

  • Option 3)

    Pteridophytes

  • Option 4)

    Gymnosperms

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Reproduction of Pteridophyta -

Asexual by meiospores formed inside sporangia which is associated with sporophylls (sporophytes). Gamatophytes develop from spores  and are haploid and independent and reproduce sexually. Zygote, thus produced from diploid sporophyte.

- wherein

Two other ways of reproduction include: Apogamy and Apospory.

 

 

 

Rentention of the female gametophyte with developing young embryos on the parent sporophyte denotes the initiation of seed habit and it is observed in Selaginella, a heterosporous pteridophyte.


Option 1)

Liverworts

Option 2)

Mosses

Option 3)

Pteridophytes

Option 4)

Gymnosperms

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