From evolutionary point of view, retention of thje female gametophyte with developing young embryo on the parent sporophyte for some time, is first observed in :
Liverworts
Mosses
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms
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Reproduction of Pteridophyta -
Asexual by meiospores formed inside sporangia which is associated with sporophylls (sporophytes). Gamatophytes develop from spores and are haploid and independent and reproduce sexually. Zygote, thus produced from diploid sporophyte.
- wherein
Two other ways of reproduction include: Apogamy and Apospory.
Rentention of the female gametophyte with developing young embryos on the parent sporophyte denotes the initiation of seed habit and it is observed in Selaginella, a heterosporous pteridophyte.
Option 1)
Liverworts
Option 2)Mosses
Option 3)Pteridophytes
Option 4)Gymnosperms