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How does DNA methylation in bacteria contribute to important biological processes like gene replication, gene regulation, gene expression control, and protection against the bacterium's own restriction enzymes?
Orchestrating an intricate mechanism for genetic replication through DNA methylation.
Coordinating the synchronized transcriptional regulation of a multitude of genes via DNA methylation.
Exerting precise control over gene expression by employing DNA methylation as a signaling mechanism.
Establishing an innate defense system to safeguard the bacterium's DNA from the deleterious effects of its own internal restriction enzymes through DNA methylation.
Answers (1)
DNA methylation in bacteria serves as a defense mechanism to protect their DNA from being cleaved by their own restriction enzymes. Restriction enzymes are proteins that recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the DNA at those sites. By methylating its DNA, the bacterium adds methyl groups to specific sites, which act as markers to distinguish its own DNA from foreign DNA. The restriction enzymes, which are also produced by the bacterium, are unable to bind and cleave methylated DNA. This protective mechanism ensures that the bacterium's own DNA is not accidentally degraded by its own restriction enzymes, allowing for the preservation and stability of the bacterial genome. Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
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