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Get Answers to all your Questions
more info on how does the muscle function
Answers (1)
- An electrical signal (action potential) travels down a nerve cell. causes to release a chemical message . This chemical message is released into a small gap between the nerve cell and muscle cell called as synapse.
- The neurotransmitter then crosses the gap. It binds to a protein (receptor) on the muscle-cell membrane which causes an action potential in the muscle cell. The action potential spreads along the muscle cell. The action potential enters the cell through T-tubule.The action potential opens gate in the muscle's calcium store.
- Calcium ions flow into the cytoplasm and ions bind to troponin-tropomyosin molecules. These are located in the grooves of the actin filaments.
- The sites on actin where myosin can form crossbridges are covered by the rod-like tropomyosin molecule.
- On binding calcium ions, troponin changes shape, then slides tropomyosin out of the groove, exposing the actin-myosin binding sites.
- Myosin interacts with actin by cycling crossbridges. The muscle thereby creates force, and shortens.
- After the action potential has passed, the calcium gates close automatically.
- Calcium pumps remove calcium from the cytoplasm which are located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. As the calcium gets pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions come off the troponin. The troponin returns to its normal shape. Troponin allows tropomyosin to cover the actin-myosin binding sites on the actin filament.
- As no binding sites are available now, hence no crossbridges can form, and the muscle relaxes.
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