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Match the items in Column I with those in Column II:
| Column I | Column II |
| (a) Herbivores -Plants | (i) Commensalism |
| (b) Mycorrhiza -Plants | (ii) Mutualism |
| (c) Sheep - Cattle | (iii) Predation |
| (d) Orchid - Tree | (iv) Competition |
Select the correct option from the following:
a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i
a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-ii
a-i, b-iii, c-iv, d-ii
a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii
Answers (1)
Predation: It is a type of interaction in which the members of one species capture, kill and eat up members of other species. The sapecies that capture is called predator and the other that is captured is called prey.
Herbivory is a form of predation in which the prey organism is a plant.
Mutualism: It is an obligate association of two organisms in which each derives benefit from the other. The two organisms often live together and can't live separately.
Mycorrhiza, which is derived from the Greek words myco meaning fungus and rhizo meaning roots, refers to fungal partner showing mutal relationship with roots of vascular plants. Fungus allows plant to draw more nutrients and water from the soil and increases the abiotic and biotic stress resistant of the host and in return fungus colonizes in the roots of the plant.
Competition: It is the struggle between two or more organisms for obtaining various requirements for their survival. It is both intraspecific (between organisms of same species) and interspecific (between organisms of different species).
Sheep (cattle) shows interspecific competition as this competition arises when organisms of different species belong to same trophic level or having similar feeding habit e.g. in grassland, severe competition occurs between herbivores like rabbits, deer, sheep etc., as all feed upon grass.
Commensalism: It is an interaction between two orgaanisms of different species, benefitting only one species, the other species is neither benefitted nor harmed. The species which is benefitted is termed commensal and the other species is called host.
Orchids show a healthy relationship with tress in which they get nutrition from them without harming the trees and there is no benefit to trees from orchids.Such a type of relationship is called Commensalism.
Hence, the correct option is (a)
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