The allotrope of carbon known as __________ is used as an abrasive and as a component in pencils.
Diamond
Graphite
Amorphous carbon
Fullerenes
Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon, which is composed of flat layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice.
The carbon atoms within each layer are covalently bonded, while the layers themselves are held together by weak van der Waals forces, which allows them to easily slide past one another.
This structure gives graphite its characteristic properties, such as its softness, black color, and ability to conduct electricity.
Graphite is widely used in various industries, including as a lubricant, in pencils, and in the production of electrodes for batteries and electric arc furnaces.