The speciation in which a population splits into two geographically isolated populations experience dissimilar selective pressure and genetic drift is known as
sympatric speciation
parapatric speciation
peripatric speciation
allopatric speciation
The speciation in which a population splits into two geographically isolated populations that experience dissimilar selective pressure and genetic drift is known as allopatric speciation. It occurs when a population becomes geographically separated into two or more isolated populations, leading to reproductive isolation and the formation of new species. Hence, the correct answer is option 4.