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What are testa and tegmen?

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Testa and tegmen are two protective layers of the seed coat. They protect the embryo inside the seed.

  1. Testa (Outer Seed Coat)- It is the hardest, toughest layer of the seed coat. It offers defense against infections and bodily harm. There are some seeds (dormancy) that are typically thick and water-impermeable. It is obtained from the ovule's exterior integument. They may be frequently colored (brown, black, etc.).
  2. Tegmen (Inner Seed Coat)- It is underneath the testa. It is a thin, membrane-bound inner layer that lies near the embryo. They facilitate water absorption and gas exchange during germination. Tegmen is derived from the ovule's inner integument. Some seeds have extremely thin, nearly undetectable tegmen.
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Saniya Khatri

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