Which of the following are the important floral rewards to the animal pollinators ?
Floral fragrance and calcium crystals
Protein pellicle and stigmatic exudates
Colour and large size of flower
Nectar and pollen grains
Flowering plants must transfer pollen from flower to flower, either by self-pollination within the plant or by cross-pollination between plants of the same species. However, pollen cannot move on its own, so animals or wind (and in rare cases water) move pollen for plants. Many flowers use color to attract insects, sometimes supplemented with colored slate markings. Some have ultraviolet markings that insects can see but not the human eye. The shape of the flower often provides a landing platform for visiting insects or forces them to brush against the anthers and stigmas.Some flowers have scents that attract insects. Many of these smells are also pleasant, but not all flowers attract flies with their carrion smell. Color cannot be seen in the dark, so scent is important for flowers that are pollinated by nocturnal flying insects like moths. Most bird-pollinated flowers have plenty of nectar, usually at the bottom of the petal tubes. The birds must graze on the anthers and stigmas as they seek their sweet reward with their long beaks.Some birds, such as chickadees, warblers, and bellbirds, have special brush-like tips on their tongues to help them suck up nectar. Hence, option 4 is correct.