Which of the following statements is incorrect about the ionic solids?
They are formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
They have high melting and boiling points due to strong interionic forces
They are insoluble in water
They have a regular arrangement of ions in a three-dimensional structure
Ionic solids are solids that are made up of positively and negatively charged ions held together by strong electrostatic forces. These solids are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, leading to the formation of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions). The ionic solids are classified as salts or oxides, and examples include sodium chloride, calcium oxide, and magnesium fluoride.
Now, let's examine each of the statements given in the question:
a) They are formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
This statement is correct. Ionic solids are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. These forces arise due to the attraction between cations and anions, which results in the formation of a stable ionic lattice.
b) They have high melting and boiling points due to strong interionic forces
This statement is also correct. Ionic solids have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces that hold the ions together. These forces require a large amount of energy to break, resulting in a high melting and boiling point.
c) They are insoluble in water
This statement is incorrect. Many ionic solids are soluble in water due to the polar nature of water molecules. In water, the ions become surrounded by water molecules, forming a hydration shell that stabilizes the ions in solution.Examples of soluble ionic solids include sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and potassium nitrate.
d) They have a regular arrangement of ions in a three-dimensional structure
This statement is correct. Ionic solids have a regular arrangement of ions in a three-dimensional structure, also known as an ionic lattice. The cations and anions are arranged in a repeating pattern, with each ion surrounded by oppositely charged ions. This arrangement leads to the formation of a stable crystal lattice structure.
In conclusion, statement c) is incorrect as many ionic solids are soluble in water. The other three statements are correct, with statement a) explaining the formation of ionic solids, statement b) describing their high melting and boiling points, and statement d) explaining the regular arrangement of ions in a three-dimensional structure.