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Algae are known to reproduce asexually by a variety of spores under different environmental conditions. Name these spores and the conditions under which they are produced.

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Ans. Algae procreate asexually with the help of various spores in different environmental conditions. These spores and the environmental conditions in which they are produced: -

Type of spore
Zoospores - They have thin walls, have flagellated motile spores as they contain flagella. They develop in favourable conditions and spread by wind.
Aplanospores - They have thin walls, have non-motile spores, and are equipped with flagella. They develop in unfavourable conditions.
Hypnospores - The spores are made up of thick cell walls to withstand unfavourable conditions. They develop in unfavourable conditions.

Akinetes -They develop from vegetative cells and are known to serve as resting cells. They develop in unfavourable conditions.
Statospores - They resemble akinetes and are found in diatoms. They develop in unfavourable conditions.

Neutral Spores In some algae, the protoplast of vegetative cells directly acts as spores known as neutral spores.

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