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  • Although both CO_2 and H_2O are triatomic molecules, the shape of H_2O molecule is bent while that of CO_2 is linear.

Although both \mathrm{CO}_2$ and $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} are triatomic molecules, the shape of \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}  molecule is bent while that of\mathrm{CO}_2 is linear. Explain this based on the dipole moment.

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For regular structures or symmetrical structures, the dipole moment is 0. Unsymmetrical structures have a non-zero dipole moment. In the case of \mathrm{CO}_2 the net dipole moment is zero because the dipole of two equal bonds cancels with one another. The structure of carbon dioxide is-
Carbon Dioxide dipole moment Resultant μ = 0 D

On the other hand dipole moment of \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}  is 1.84D. \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} is an unsymmetrical molecule and also bent geometries(not linear structure) because the bond polarities do not cancel each other. Therefore molecule \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} has a bent structure with a bond angle of 104°. The structure of water is-

Dipole moment of water   Resultant μ = 1.84 D

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