3. Describe the role played by protein pumps during active transport in plants.
Protein pumps are carrier proteins which take part in the transport of solutes across the cell membrane with the help of energy in the form of ATP even against a concentration gradient. On being activated with energy, the protein pump picks up solute particles from outside and transport them to the inner side into the cytoplasm. There are a number of protein pumps such as Na- K pump, Ca pump