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Get Answers to all your Questions
Q3. Explain the following processes:
(d) Transmission of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse
Answers (1)
- A synapse is formed by the membranes of the pre-synaptic neuron and the post-synaptic neuron.
- A synapse may or may not be separated by a gap which is called the synaptic cleft.
- At a chemical synapse, the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons are separated by the synaptic cleft.
- When an impulse arrives at the axon terminal, the calcium ions present in the synaptic cleft enter the synaptic knobs present at the axon terminals of the pre-synaptic neuron.
- The synaptic vesicles in the synaptic knobs of the pre-synaptic neuron move towards the plasma membrane and fuse with it.
- The vesicles release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. (Empty synaptic vesicles return to the cytoplasm of the pre-synaptic neuron where they are refilled.)
- The molecules of the acetylcholine bind to the protein receptors present on the plasma membrane of the post-synaptic neurons.
- This binding opens the channels and sodium ions enter the post-synaptic neuron, while potassium ions leave the post-synaptic membrane.
- This generates an action potential in the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron, and hence, the impulse is transmitted to the post-synaptic neuron.
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