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Q : 5     Find perpendicular distance from the origin to the line joining the points  (\cos \theta ,\sin \theta )  and  (\cos \phi ,\sin \phi ).

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Equation of line passing through the points  (\cos \theta ,\sin \theta )   and  (\cos \phi ,\sin \phi ) is
(y-\sin \theta )= \frac{\sin \phi -\sin \theta}{\cos \phi -\cos \theta}(x-\cos\theta)
\Rightarrow (\cos \phi -\cos \theta)(y-\sin \theta )= (\sin \phi -\sin \theta)(x-\cos\theta)
\Rightarrow y(\cos \phi -\cos \theta)-\sin \theta(\cos \phi -\cos \theta)=x (\sin \phi -\sin \theta)-\cos\theta(\sin \phi -\sin \theta)
\Rightarrow x (\sin \phi -\sin \theta)-y(\cos \phi -\cos \theta)=\cos\theta(\sin \phi -\sin \theta)-\sin \theta(\cos \phi -\cos \theta)\Rightarrow x (\sin \phi -\sin \theta)-y(\cos \phi -\cos \theta)=\sin(\theta-\phi)
                                                                                        (\because \cos a\sin b -\sin a\cos b = \sin(a-b) )
Now, distance from origin(0,0) is
d = \left | \frac{(\sin\phi -\sin\theta).0-(\cos\phi-\cos\theta).0-\sin(\theta-\phi)}{\sqrt{(\sin\phi-\sin\theta)^2+(\cos\phi-\cos\theta)^2}} \right |
d = \left | \frac{-\sin(\theta-\phi)}{\sqrt{(\sin^2\phi+\cos^2\phi)+(\sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta)-2(\cos\theta\cos\phi+\sin\theta\sin\phi)}} \right |
d = \left | \frac{-\sin(\theta-\phi)}{1+1-2\cos(\theta-\phi)} \right |                                (\because \cos a\cos b +\sin a\sin b = \cos(a-b) \ \ and \ \ \sin^2a+\cos^2a=1)
d = \left |\frac{ - \sin(\theta-\phi)}{2(1-\cos(\theta-\phi))} \right |
d = \left | \frac{-2\sin\frac{\theta-\phi}{2}\cos \frac{\theta-\phi}{2}}{\sqrt{2.(2\\sin^2\frac{\theta-\phi}{2})}}\right |
d = \left | \frac{-2\sin\frac{\theta-\phi}{2}\cos \frac{\theta-\phi}{2}}{2\sin\frac{\theta-\phi}{2}}\right |
d = \left | \cos\frac{\theta-\phi}{2} \right |
      

 

Posted by

Gautam harsolia

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