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Get Answers to all your Questions
Q6. Give a brief account of:
(a) Mechanism of synaptic transmission
Answers (1)
The mechanism of synaptic transmission at the electrical synapse:
- In this case, the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic membranes are in proximity.
- Impulse in the form of electric current directly flows from the pre-synaptic neuron to the post-synaptic neuron.
- Transmission is faster than the chemical synapse.
The mechanism of synaptic transmission at the chemical synapse:
- the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons are separated by the synaptic cleft.
- When an impulse arrives at the axon terminal, the calcium ions present in the synaptic cleft enter the synaptic knobs present at the axon terminals of the pre-synaptic neuron.
- The synaptic vesicles present in the synaptic knobs present in the pre-synaptic neuron move towards the plasma membrane and fuse with it.
- The vesicles release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. (Empty synaptic vesicles return to the cytoplasm of the pre-synaptic neuron where they are refilled.)
- The molecules of the acetylcholine bind to the protein receptors present on the plasma membrane of the post-synaptic neurons.
- This binding opens the channels, and sodium ions enter the post-synaptic neuron, while potassium ions leave the post-synaptic membrane.
- This generates an action potential in the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron, and hence, the impulse is transmitted to the post-synaptic neuron.
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