Give the characteristic features of the following citing one example of each
a. Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes
b. Urochordata and cephalochordate
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a) Chondrichthyes have mainly marine habitat, and their body is streamlined. They have a cartilaginous endoskeleton. Examples are scoliosis and Trygon.
Osteichthyes have a streamlined body and they have both marine as well as freshwater habitat with a bony endoskeleton. Some of the examples are Freshwater: Labeo (Rohu), Marine: Hippocampus (Sea horse), Aquarium: Betta (Fighting fish).
b) In case of cephalochordates, the notochord extends from head to tail region and stays persistent throughout the life cycle, whereas in the case of urochordates, the notochord is present only in the larval tail. Examples of Urochordates: Ascidia, Salpa Examples of Cephalochordates: Branchiostoma.