12. How do the various leaf modifications help plants?
The leaf is a green, lateral and flattened outgrowth which is borne on the node of a stem or its branches and is specialized to perform photosynthesis. Apart from photosynthesis, leaves often modify to perform several other functions also. Some of the modifications of leaves in plants that help the plants are as follows:
1. Tendrils- The leaves of the plants may modify into tendrils that help the plants in climbing
2. Spines- These are hard and stiff structures that act as organs of defence. e.g. cactus
3. Phyllode- The leaves of some plants are short-lived and they are soon replaced by flattened, green structures called phyllodes. These arise from the petiole of the leaves and are involved in synthesising the food.
4. Pitcher- The leaves of the pitcher plant are modified into pitcher-like structures. These contain digestive juices and help in trapping and digesting insects.