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  • Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.

Q 3.     Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.

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The archegonium is the female reproductive structure responsible for producing the egg. It is present in the life cycles of bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms. 

Life cycle of a fern (Dryopteris) 

Dryopteris is a common fern with pinnately compound leaves. The main plant body is sporophytic. Many sporangia are borne on the lower surfaces of its mature leaves. Each sporangium has spore mother cells which undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. When mature, these spores are released and germinate to form a heart-shaped gametophyte known as the prothallus. 

The prothallus bears the male and female sex organs called antheridia and archegonia respectively. Sperms produced by the Antheridia swim in water to reach the archegonia. The archegonia produce the egg, and fertilization results in the formation of a zygote. The zygote forms an embryo, which in turn develops into a new sporophyte. The young plant emerges from the archegonium of the parent gametophyte. 

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Satyajeet Kumar

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