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12.12     What are electrophiles and nucleophiles ? Explain with examples.

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Electrophile- It is an electron deficient species, which seeking for an electron pair. This reagent takes away an electron pair. It is denoted as E^{+}. For example, carbocationised CH_{3}CH_{2}^+ neutral molecule having functional groups such as carbonyl group are an example of the electrophile.

A nucleophile is a reagent that brings an electron pair. In other words, it is nucleus- seeking reagent called nucleophile.
For examples- -OH, -NC and carbanions (R_{3}C^-) etc. Ammonia and water also act as a nucleophile due to the presence of lone pair of electron.

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