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Q5. Write short notes on the functions of the following hormones:
(f) Insulin and Glucagon
Answers (1)
The functions of Insulin and Glucagon are given below:
Insulin:
- This hormone is synthesized by the β-cells (of the islets of Langerhans) in the pancreas.
- It plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
- It acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes.
- It stimulates the transport of glucose from the blood to muscle.
- It promotes the oxidation of glucose and the conversion of glucose to glycogen, i.e. glycogenesis. It is triggered during hypoglycemia, i.e., low glucose levels.
Glucagon:
- This hormone is synthesized by the α-cells of the pancreas.
- This acts during hyperglycemia, i.e., high glucose levels.
- It plays a major role in the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels.
- It acts on hepatocytes and stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose.
- It also stimulates the process of gluconeogenesis, i.e. the conversion of non-carbohydrate substances such as fats and proteins to glucose.
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