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(a) Name the stage in the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs.
(b) Explain the mechanism of DNA replication. Highlight the role of enzymes in the process.
(c) Why is DNA relpication said to be semiconservative?
Answers (1)
(a) S phase or synthetic phase (of interphase) is the stage in the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs.
(b) The mechanism of DNA replication:
The replication begins from the specific regions which are called the origin of replication, Replication occurs within a small opening of the DNA referred to as Y shaped replication fork. The polymerization of the nucleotides in the DNA are catalyzed by DNA polymerase in 5' - 3' directions, whereas deoxyribonucleotides act as substrates and also provide energy for the process. The new strands formed on 3'-5' template is called continuous strand and the new strands formed on the other side that is 5-'3' template is a discontinuous strand. The discontinuously formed fragments are joined by enzyme DNA ligase.
(c) During DNA replication into the two newly synthesized daughter DNA, one strand is parental (which is conserved) and the other is a newly synthesized strand.
Below is the diagram of semi-conservative DNA:
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