(a) Write how parasites have evolved with adaptation to co-exist with their hosts in an ecosystem.
(b) Parasites are host specific and tend to co-evolve. How would the parasite respond if the host evolves a certain mechanism to resist or reject the parasite?
a) Loss of unnecessary sense organs and presence of adhesive organs/suckers, loss of the digestive system, high reproductive capacity.
b) The parasite has to evolve a mechanism to counteract and neutralize them.