Newton's law of Gravitation-
According to Newton's law of gravitation, the gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Due to gravitational force, Each particle in this universe attracts every other particle.
The direction of this force is along the line joining the particles.
Let two particles of masses and separated by a distance r exert a Force F on each other
And Magnitude of F is given as
Or,
Where
Force
Gravitational constant
Masses
Distance between masses
The vector form of formula
According to Newton's law of gravitation
Or
Where Position vector
Here negative sign indicates that the direction of is opposite to that of
And
So,
Means Gravitational force between two bodies form an action and reaction pair.
i.e. the forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
This is in accordance with Newton's third law of motion