Explain the following terms with one example each:
(1) Ambidentate ligand
(2) Chelating ligand
An ambidentate ligand is a unidentate ligand (donates only one pair of electrons at a time) but it has two possible donor atoms. Hence, it can bind to the central metal atom through either of the two atoms.
Example: Nitrite ion (NO2− ). It can coordinate through N atom or through O atom.
A chelating ligand is a polydentate ligand that can attach to the central metal ion through two or more donor atoms simultaneously, forming a ring-like structure called a chelate.
Example: Ethylenediamine (H2N−CH2−CH2−NH2 ). It has two –NH2 groups that can donate lone pairs, binding to the metal ion through both sites and forming a stable chelate complex.