An astronomical telescope has a large aperture to
reduce spherical aberration
have high resolution
increase span of observation
have low dispersion
The aperture of an astronomical telescope is defined as the diameter of the objective lens.In telescopes since, the stars are very far away from away us and emit light internsities, we need a large aperture to increase the amount of light entering the telescope
The bigger the aperture, the sharper and brighter the view will be. In case of astronomical telescope, if the aperture is large then more light rays from the object will enter the telescope and hence resolution of the image will be high.
Since resolution of telescope power is R = D/1.22 λ , where D is the diameter of the objective lens of Telescope.
Clearly, larger the aperture, larger is the value of D, more is the resolving power or resolution.
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