Among the following compounds the one that is most reactive towards electrophilic nitration is:
Benzoic Acid
Nitrobenzene
Toluene
Benzene
As discussed in
Hyperconjugation or ?-? resonance or Baker and Nathan effect -
The conjugation between sigma bond and adjacent multiple bond or carbocation is called Hyperconjugation.
- wherein
It is permanent effect.
Electron donating group increases electron density in toluene. Methyl group is e-donating group and hence the electrophilic nitration is fastest.
Option 1)
Benzoic Acid
This option is incorrect.
Option 2)
Nitrobenzene
This option is incorrect.
Option 3)
Toluene
This option is correct.
Option 4)
Benzene
This option is incorrect.