Biodiversity loss occurs due to
1) habitat loss and fragmentation
2) co- extinction
3) over - exploitation
4) aliens species inavsion
1 and 2
1, 2 and 3
2,3 and 4
1,2, 3 and 4
As we have already discussed in Cause of biodiversity losses -
The accelerated rates of species extinctions that the world is facing now are largely due to human activities. There are four major causes (‘ The Evil Quartet ’ is the sobriquet used to describe them).
- wherein
1. Habitat loss and fragmentation
2. Over-exploitation:
3. Alien species invasions:
4. Co-extinctions
Hence, the correct option is (d).