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Respiratory Organs in Different Organisms -
- Mechanisms of breathing vary among different groups of animals depending mainly on their habitats and levels of the organisation.
- Lower invertebrates like sponges, coelenterates, flatworms, etc., exchange O2 with CO2 by simple diffusion over their entire body surface.
- Earthworms use their moist cuticle for exchange of gases.
- Insects have a network of tubes (tracheal tubes) to transport atmospheric air within the body.
- Special vascularised structures called gills (branchial respiration) are used by most of the aquatic arthropods and molluscs.
- Vascularised bags called lungs (pulmonary respiration) are used by the terrestrial forms for the exchange of gases.
- Among vertebrates, fishes use gills whereas amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals respire through lungs.
- Amphibians like frogs can respire through their moist skin (cutaneous respiration) also.
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Branchial respiration is seen in aquatic arthropods and fishes
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