Based on the position of the calyx, corolla and androecium with respect to the ovary on the thalamus, the flowers are described as:
- Hypogynous Flowers: The ovary occupies the highest position while the other parts are situated below it. The ovary is said to be superior. The thalamus is convex or conical. For example, mustard, China rose, brinjal.
- Perigynous Flowers: The ovary is situated in the centre and the other parts are situated on the rim at the same level as that of the ovary. The ovary is said to be half-inferior. The thalamus appears cup-shaped or flask-shaped. For example, plum, rose, peach, etc.
- Epigynous Flowers: The ovary occupies the lowest position while the other parts are situated above it. This occurs because the thalamus becomes hollow flask-shaped and its wall fuses with the wall of the ovary. The ovary is said to be inferior. For example, guava, cucumber and ray florets of sunflower.
In epigynous flowers calyx, corolla and androecium have a superior position while the ovary is inferior.
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