Protonephridia or flame cells are the excretory structure in
Porifera
Ctenophora
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
As we learnt ,
Excretory Structures among Various Groups of Animals -
Platyhelminthes (Flatworms, e.g., Planaria)
- wherein
Protonephridia or flame cells are the excretory structures in Platyhelminthes. Protonephridia are primarily concerned with ionic and fluid volume regulation, i.e., osmoregulation.