Ribs and Rib Cage -
- There are 12 pairs of ribs which form the bony lateral walls of the thoracic cage.
- Each rib is a thin flat bone connected dorsally to the vertebral column and ventrally to the sternum.
- It has two articulation surfaces on its dorsal end and is hence called bicephalic.
- The first seven pairs are called true ribs because their anterior ends are attached directly to the sternum by means of small pieces of hyaline cartilage, the costal cartilages.
- The eighth, ninth and tenth pairs of ribs are called false ribs or vertebrochondral ribs. They articulate by cartilage with costal cartilage of the seventh rib and thus are attached indirectly to the sternum.
- Last 2 pairs (11th and 12th) of ribs are not connected ventrally and are, therefore, called floating ribs.
- Thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum together form the rib cage.
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The eighth, ninth and tenth pairs of ribs are called false ribs or vertebrochondral ribs. They articulate by cartilage with costal cartilage of the seventh rib and thus are attached indirectly to the sternum. Hence, the correct option is d
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